The Albanian Failure

by Jason Long

In a desperate attempt to utilize all available sources of manpower, Himmler ordered formation of a Albanian mountain division on 17 April 44. The division recruited mostly from the Albanians living in Kosovo as they were believed to be of Aryan descent and more reliable than the tribes in Albania. The 7. SS-Gebirgs-Division Prinz Eugen furnished a cadre to form the basis of the new division. In addition the 13. SS-Gebirgs-Division Handschar provided a reinforced battalion of men of Albanian extraction. This was incorporated as III./Waffen-Gebirgsjäger-Rgt. 50.

The Albanians generally retained their traditional blood feuds and code of vengeance which greatly hindered their combat efficiency. They also proved to be less than enthusiatic at this late date and desertions were common. When the division moved into Macedonia in early September a thousand men from Waffen-Gebirgsjäger-Rgt. 50 deserted, complete with personal weapons and equipment. The third battalion, those men transferred from Handschar, accounted for some 697 of that total.

As the Soviets drew nearer, the Partisans grew bolder and initiated attacks in August on Skanderbeg's positions in the Kosovo area. This cost it some 300 casualties during the month. Not so curiously, the missing accounted for about half of that total, which leads me to suspect that many took the opportunity to desert.

By October, it was clear that that the Albanians were more trouble than they were worth and the division was reduced to a more sustainable regimentgruppe based on Waffen-Gebirgsjäger-Rgt. 51. The list below details the Division's losses through October:

EquipmentAuthOn-handLost to DesertionsGivenCaptured
Bayonets12,9192969877100100
98 kar rifles12,91988971386192318
P 08 pistols2599127559047
MP 40 SMGs42292671511
MG 34 machine guns61912757
53
MG 42 machine guns1161810

81mm mortars5866244
120mm mortars36



Pak 38 50mm AT guns15
4
Pak 40 75mm AT guns22



leIG 18 75mm infantry guns177


Flak 30/38 20mm AA guns13



Flakvierling 38 20mm quad AA guns4



GebG 36 75mm mtn guns25



GebH 40 105mm mtn guns12



sFH 18 150mm howitzers8



K 18 105mm cannon4



Bicycles63710012
15

As the regimentgruppe retreated north through Yugoslavia, it was paired with Prinz Eugen and was mostly incorporated into that unit's 14. Freiwilligen-Gebirgsjäger-Rgt. in January 45. It is unclear if any remnants continued as independent units after this time. Several sources mention that elements were absorbed by 32. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division 30 Januar on the Oder Front, but it seems unlikely that more than a few individuals that might have accompanied the transfer of V. SS-Gebirgskorps in the winter of '45.

Commanders:
Brigf. Josef Fitzhum (17 Apr 44-Jun 44)
Oberf. August Schmidhuber (Jun-Aug 44)
Ostubaf. Alfred Graf (Aug 44-? 45)

Strength:
30/6/446156
1/10/4486/467/887 (excluding 3504 recruits)

Europa:

SF: May I 44: Southeast, Forming, Unreliable: 5-8 Mtn XX 21 Sk (SS)
Jun I 44: Southeast, Full, Unreliable: 5-8 Mtn XX 21 Sk (SS)

Recommendation:

May I 44: Southeast, Forming, Unreliable: 5-8 Mtn XX 21 Sk (SS)
Aug I 44: Southeast, Full, Unreliable: 5-8 Mtn XX 21 Sk (SS)
[The defection of Romania and the subsequent Soviet advance to Yugoslavia and Hungary was a heavy blow to the morale of the Balkan peoples serving in the German forces. Desertions increased dramatically and it proved almost impossible to recruit any replacements. I'm not sure that it doesn't warrant a rule awarding fragile status to those ethnic Balkan units like Skanderbeg, Handschar, etc. upon the loss of Bucharest to the Soviets.]

Bibliography:

Kane, Steve. "The 21st SS Mountain Division" Siegrunen; Vol. 6:6, Oct-Dec 84
Landwehr, Richard. "21. Waffen-Gebirgs Division der SS Skanderbeg" Siegrunen; Vol. 6:6, Oct-Dec 84
Munoz, Antonio J. Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen-SS
Ibid. Forgotten Legions Booklet: Additional Data for the Classic Study: Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen-SS
Tessin, Georg. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945
Return to Obscure Combat Formations of the SS.

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